Language/OS - Multiplatform Resource Library/LANGUAGE OS.iso/gnu/gpp-1_42.lha/g++-1.42.0/HINTS

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Date: Thu, 18 Jan 90 19:09:01 -0600
From: [e-mail] (Chris Smith)
To: ngo%tammy@harvard (Tom Ngo)
In-Reply-To: [e-mail]'s message of 17 Jan 90 22:12:19 GMT
Subject: How to use collect2... my conjecture
Status: R

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Date: Thu, 18 Jan 90 19:09:01 -0600
From: [e-mail] (Chris Smith)
To: ngo%tammy@harvard (Tom Ngo)
In-Reply-To: [e-mail]'s message of 17 Jan 90 22:12:19 GMT
Subject: How to use collect2... my conjecture

Sorry, I've been neglecting my netnews reading and didn't see your
earlier messages.

The secret of collect2.c is to install it as "/usr/local/lib/gcc-ld"
--- it then does its thing with the constructors & destructors and
runs the real ld.

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Date: Wed, 17 Jan 90 09:35:21 GMT
From: henry Balen <[e-mail]>
To: [e-mail]
Subject: HINTS
Reply-To: [e-mail]
Status: R

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Date: Wed, 17 Jan 90 09:35:21 GMT
From: henry Balen <[e-mail]>
To: [e-mail]
Subject: HINTS
Reply-To: [e-mail]

I have managed to get g++ 1.36.2 up and running on the sun386. I had a lot of problems with 1.36.1 in that when I did get the compiler to work it produced code that crashed!
I have listed the changes that I found necessary for 1.36.2 below. I hope that these are of some help.

Henry Balen <[e-mail]>
Camscan, Saxon Way, Bar Hill, Cambridge CB3 0JE, United Kingdom.

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
In xm-sun386i.h at line 47

    #define LINK_SPEC "%{!e*:-e _start} -dc -dp %{g:-Bstatic}"

to

    #define LINK_SPEC "%{!e*:}  -Bstatic "

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
In crt0.c

the
    __do_global_init()
and
    __do_global_cleanup()

needed to be removed (I put ifndef COFF round them).

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
In tm-sun386i.h at line 34

    #define STARTFILE_SPEC  \
      "%{pg:gcrt0.o%s}%{!pg:%{p:mcrt0.o%s}%{!p:crt0.o%s}}"

to

    #define STARTFILE_SPEC  \
      "%{pg:gcrt0.o%s}%{!pg:%{p:mcrt0.o%s}%{!p:crt0+.o%s}}"

--------------------------------------------------------------------------
In gcc.c at line 306

    ld %{o*} %g.R %g.O

to

    ld -Bstatic -e _start %{o*} %g.R %g.O -L/vol/local/lib.sun386\n\

and at line 310

    char *link_spec = "%{!c:%{!M*:%{!E:%{!S:ld -r -o %g.R %l\

to

    char *link_spec = "%{!c:%{!M*:%{!E:%{!S:ld -r -L/vol/local/lib.sun386 -o %g.R %l\

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Date: Tue, 12 Sep 89 15:40:39 edt
From: csusac!cvms![e-mail]
To: csusac!ucdavis!prep.ai.mit.edu![e-mail]
Subject: UNIX PC

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Date: Tue, 12 Sep 89 15:40:39 edt
From: csusac!cvms![e-mail]
To: csusac!ucdavis!prep.ai.mit.edu![e-mail]
Subject: UNIX PC

If you have an AT&T UNIX PC, here are some patches which may be of
some consolation.  They are from:

Ronald Cole               | uucp:     cvms!ronald       voice: [phone]
Senior Software Engineer  | internet: cvms![e-mail]
CVM Systems               +----------------------------------------------------

diff -rc2 g++-1.36.0-/config/tm-att386.h g++/config/tm-att386.h
*** g++-1.36.0-/config/tm-att386.h    Wed Feb 22 09:28:08 1989
--- g++/config/tm-att386.h    Wed Oct 18 22:46:58 1989
***************
*** 23,26 ****
--- 23,29 ----
  /* Define the syntax of instructions and addresses.  */

+ /* G++: ATT assemblers *do not* allow '$' in symbol names. (u3b, i386, etc.) */
+ #define NO_DOLLAR_IN_LABEL 1
+
  /* Define some concatenation macros to concatenate an opcode
     and one, two or three operands.  In other assembler syntaxes


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To: [e-mail]
Subject: HINTS
From: "Douglas C. Schmidt" <[e-mail]>

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Return-Path: <@ORION.CF.UCI.EDU,@paris.ics.UCI.EDU:[e-mail]>
To: [e-mail]
Subject: HINTS
From: "Douglas C. Schmidt" <[e-mail]>

Beginning with g++ version 1.36 the GNU G++ library, libg++, is no
longer automatically linked with your object code when running the
linker.  In order to link libg++ you need to explicity add -lg++ to
your compilation command line or Makefile, e.g.,

% g++ -g -O foobar.c -lg++

The easiest way to make this change transparent to you is simply to
make an alias for g++ that automagically appends -lg++ to the end.

Douglas C. Schmidt
[e-mail]


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From: [e-mail] (Moises Lejter)
To: [e-mail]
Subject: HINTS
Reply-To: [e-mail]

*** EOOH ***
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From: [e-mail] (Moises Lejter)
To: [e-mail]
Subject: HINTS
Reply-To: [e-mail]

    Sun3 SunOS 4.0: ld++ cannot find Mcrt0.o:

    Turns out that gcc.c as distributed allows you to redefine
    STANDARD_STARTFILE_PREFIX to be any directory you want.  It
    will check there and in /usr/local/lib     for startup files, not
    in /usr/lib.  Unfortunately, most system startup files live in
    /usr/lib, so unless you define STANDARD_STARTFILE_PREFIX to be
    /usr/lib, you'll lose.  I changed the line in gcc.c

    char *standard_startfile_prefix_1 = "/usr/local/lib/";

    to read

    char *standard_startfile_prefix_1 = "/usr/lib/";

    This way I can specify my own startfile directory, without
    losing access to the system startup files.

                        Moises

Internet/CSnet:   [e-mail]        BITNET:  [e-mail]
UUCP:    ...!uunet!brunix!mlm            Phone:     [phone]
USmail:  Moises Lejter, Box 1910 Brown University, Providence RI 02912

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From: tiemann (Michael Tiemann)
Message-Id: <[e-mail]>
To: [e-mail]
Subject: HINTS
Reply-To: [e-mail]
Status: R

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Date: Sat, 3 Feb 90 09:02:12 PST
From: tiemann (Michael Tiemann)
To: [e-mail]
Subject: HINTS
Reply-To: [e-mail]

    If you are using a non-Sun machine, and use the native
    assembler instead of GAS, you will need to #define FASCIST_ASSEMBLER
    when compiling cplus-decl.c.  This is because Sun's as and GAS
    appear to be the only assemblers out there which assemble stabs
    instead of checking them.  If you don't remember to do
    this, the assembler will remind you by telling you that it did
    not understand a stab which the compiler is trying to pass to
    the linker.

Michael Tiemann
[e-mail]

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From: tiemann (Michael Tiemann)
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Subject: HINTS
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Status: R

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Date: Sat, 3 Feb 90 09:02:12 PST
From: tiemann (Michael Tiemann)
To: [e-mail]
Subject: HINTS
Reply-To: [e-mail]

The 2.0 C++ language specification provides many new features which
can trip up the novice user.  All of these features are being
implemented in GNU C++, and most of them work right now.  However,
this does not mean that they are all that easily used.  Perhaps on of
the toughest new features to take advantage of right now is extern "C".
What makes this hard is that up until now, C and C++ really looked
like they had about the same langauge linkage.  Member functions had
their names mangled, but non-overloaded global functions did not.
In 2.0, all functions declared in C++ scope are automatically
overloaded, and all such functions all get mangled names.  So if you
declare, e.g., `int printf (const char *, ...)' in C++ language scope,
and you get printf from libc.a, you will lose, since the compiler will
assume that you are looking for e.g., "_printf_PQI", when you are
really looking for "_printf".  To get around this problem, you can use
extern "C" to tell the compiler which names should be mangled and how.
There is a macro called NO_AUTO_OVERLOAD, which if defined, will provide
the standard cfront 1.2 and old GNU C++ behavior.  If not defined, it
provides the cfront 2.0 behavior.  One should move from the old to the
new carefully, and if you get lots of new undefined symbols from the
linker where such did not exist before, the first question you should
ask yourself is `how is extern "C" or extern "C++" doing me in?'

Michael Tiemann
[e-mail]

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From: tiemann (Michael Tiemann)
Message-Id: <[e-mail]>
To: [e-mail]
Subject: HINTS
Reply-To: [e-mail]
Status: R

*** EOOH ***
Return-Path: <tiemann>
Date: Sat, 3 Feb 90 09:02:12 PST
From: tiemann (Michael Tiemann)
To: [e-mail]
Subject: HINTS
Reply-To: [e-mail]

The default LINK_SPEC in gcc.c tells the linker to link
with crt0+.o.  Many machine-specific files define their own
LINK_SPECs.  A strategy which worked until tm-sun?-nfp-os? came along
was to edit the tm-*.h file into tm-*+.h, and replace the string
"crt0.o" with "crt0+.o".  This strategy is defeated with one tm-*.h
file includes a file defining LINK_SPEC.  I will fix this in release
1.35.1.  In the mean time, copy LINK_SPEC from the file that is being
included, #undef it and redef it in the top level tm-*.h file.


Michael Tieman
[e-mail]

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From: [e-mail] (Dave Forslund)
To: [e-mail]
Subject: HINTS
Reply-To: [e-mail]
Status: R

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Date: Sat, 3 Feb 90 09:02:12 PST
From: [e-mail] (Dave Forslund)
To: [e-mail]
Subject: HINTS
Reply-To: [e-mail]

I have successfully built G++ 1.35.0 on Sun3's and Sun4's running
OS4.0.3. I have to make one change to the newld complation: -Dsun3 and
-Dsun4 respectively in order to get the a.out.h info included
correctly.  This is apparently a change in the header files from Sun.
It shouldn't hurt earlier releases of the OS.  Also a similar problem
occurs in libg++ compilation with the exec struct not being defined
from the a.out.h file.  I had to add -D_CROSS_TARGET_ARCH=SUN4 to the
compile line for test.hello.cc to get the dynamic linking to work.

David Forslund
MS E531
Los Alamos National Laboratory
Los Alamos, NM 87545
[e-mail]


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From: hoptoad!gnu (John Gilmore)
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To: [e-mail]
Subject: Re: [comp.sys.atari.st] Re: C++ on the ST
In-Reply-To: your article <[e-mail]>
Status: O

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Date: Thu, 15 Feb 90 01:44:58 PST
From: hoptoad!gnu (John Gilmore)
To: [e-mail]
Subject: Re: [comp.sys.atari.st] Re: C++ on the ST
In-Reply-To: your article <[e-mail]>

Archive-name: atari-st-g++/08-Feb-90
Original-posting-by: [e-mail]
Original-subject: Re: C++ on the ST
Archive-site: terminator.cc.umich.edu [35.1.33.8]
Reposted-by: [e-mail] (Edward Vielmetti)

In article <[e-mail]>, [e-mail] (Alan Kennington) writes:
> I'm amazed that I haven't seen any mention of C++ for the Atari ST.
> Does anyone if there is such a thing? After all, the IBM PC has had it for
> years now.
>
> ak.
FSF's GNU project C++ is available (in not fully-debugged form) from a couple
of FTP'able sites -- terminator.cc.umich.edu is one -- but from all reports
it requires at least 2Mbytes to run, 4M to do anything serious, so an unex-
panded 1040ST is not enough.  If you have a Mega or have expanded your ST's
memory, you might want to check it out.

--
Max J
mwjester@wsucsa


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From: tiemann (Michael Tiemann)
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Subject: HINTS
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Status: R

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Date: Sat, 3 Feb 90 09:02:12 PST
From: tiemann (Michael Tiemann)
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Subject: HINTS
Reply-To: [e-mail]

I saw this at Stanford:

    >From December's Reason magazine

    Rep. Bill Schuette (R-MI) recently advised constituents not to expect
    all their problems to be solved by the federal government.  He warned
    voters, "Congress is not the sole suppository of wisdom."

Michael


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Date: 26 Feb 90 11:21:06 GMT
From: eutws1![e-mail]  (Paul de Bra)
Organization: Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands
Subject: g++ for sVr3.2 on a 386
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Date: 26 Feb 90 11:21:06 GMT
From: eutws1![e-mail]  (Paul de Bra)
Organization: Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands
Subject: g++ for sVr3.2 on a 386
Sender: [e-mail]
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Here is my list of changes to g++1.36.4 to get it working with
AT&T System V release 3.2u.

First of all, let me state that this applies to g++1.36.4 only.
An earlier attempt to get g++1.36.0 running failed miserably.

This list only indecates how to get g++ up and running if you already
have gcc with the gnu assembler and gnu-ld running, and converted the
libraries to gnu format. g++ will not work with the AT&T loader.

First do the make maketest but you have to create a directory config
and links to the config files from gcc yourself as system v does not
have symbolic links (yet).

Do config.g++ i386-sysv-gas

Makefile
- do NOT define COFFFLAGS, as we do not use coff.
- define INSTALL=cp and LINK=ln as indicated in the Makefile.
- do not define CLIB=-lPW as gcc does not use it.
- use MALLOC=malloc.o, just to be sure.
- define all to be crt1+.o g++ cc1plus ld++ g++filt

cplus-dem.c
- This file needs USG defined. I just put a define on line 1.
  It obviously needs a better fix.

ld.c
- you don't need sys/time.h and sys/resource.h (I just commented them
  out, but you should use an ifdef).

malloc.c
- needs defines from config.h, so include it. (This include is ifdef-ed
  emacs, but shouldn't)

That's it.
Type make and you're going...

Now, libg++ still has a few problems, for instance in String.h.
Don't know yet what's needed to fix that.

Paul.
([e-mail])



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Date: 1 Mar 90 14:33:49 GMT
From: @[e-mail]  (Burkhard Neidecker-Lutz)
Organization: Digital Equipment Corporation
Subject: Configuration nit (unounderscore/NO_UNDER_SCORES)
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Date: 1 Mar 90 14:33:49 GMT
From: @[e-mail]  (Burkhard Neidecker-Lutz)
Organization: Digital Equipment Corporation
Subject: Configuration nit (unounderscore/NO_UNDER_SCORES)
Sender: [e-mail]
To: [e-mail]

Another configuration nit on a DECStation (g++ 1.37.0). cplus-dem.c and
ld.c use "nounderscore", collect.c uses "NO_UNDER_SCORES" to express whether
a particular assembler prepends underscores to symbols. most likely because
of different authors. I tried to standardize this to NO_UNDER_SCORES, as
all uppercase names seem to be the norm for these kinds of configuration
options. Now if somebody would please add NO_UNDER_SCORES to the appropriate
config files...

*** cplus-dem.c    Thu Mar  1 12:50:02 1990
--- cplus-dem.c.new    Thu Mar  1 12:50:13 1990
***************
*** 43,50 ****
     realloc except that they generate a fatal error if there is no
     available memory. */

- /* #define nounderscore 1 /* define this is names don't start with _ */
-
  #include <stdio.h>
  #include <string.h>
  #include <ctype.h>
--- 43,48 ----
***************
*** 182,188 ****

    if (type == NULL || *type == '\0')
      return NULL;
! #ifndef nounderscore
    if (*type++ != '_')
      return NULL;
  #endif
--- 180,186 ----

    if (type == NULL || *type == '\0')
      return NULL;
! #ifndef NO_UNDERSCORES
    if (*type++ != '_')
      return NULL;
  #endif
*** ld.c    Thu Mar  1 13:02:00 1990
--- ld.c.new    Thu Mar  1 13:02:10 1990
***************
*** 98,106 ****

  /* System dependencies */

- /* Define this if names etext, edata and end should not start with `_'.  */
- /* #define nounderscore 1 */
-
  /* Define NON_NATIVE if using BSD or pseudo-BSD file format on a system
     whose native format is different.  */
  /* #define NON_NATIVE */
--- 98,103 ----
***************
*** 335,341 ****
  #define    MAX_ALIGNMENT    (sizeof (int))
  #endif

! #ifdef nounderscore
  #define LPREFIX '.'
  #else
  #define LPREFIX 'L'
--- 332,338 ----
  #define    MAX_ALIGNMENT    (sizeof (int))
  #endif

! #ifdef NO_UNDER_SCORES
  #define LPREFIX '.'
  #else
  #define LPREFIX 'L'
***************
*** 4426,4432 ****
  void
  symtab_init ()
  {
! #ifndef nounderscore
    edata_symbol = getsym ("_edata");
    etext_symbol = getsym ("_etext");
    end_symbol = getsym ("_end");
--- 4423,4429 ----
  void
  symtab_init ()
  {
! #ifndef NO_UNDER_SCORES
    edata_symbol = getsym ("_edata");
    etext_symbol = getsym ("_etext");
    end_symbol = getsym ("_end");


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From: mcgill-vision!icule![e-mail] (Francois Pinard)
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To: mit-eddie!prep.ai.mit.edu![e-mail],
        mit-eddie!prep.ai.mit.edu![e-mail]
Subject: GCC 1.37.1 installation report for 386/ix
Reply-To: mcgill-vision!iro.umontreal.ca![e-mail]
Status: RO

*** EOOH ***
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Date: Sat, 3 Mar 90 00:04:05 EST
From: mcgill-vision!icule![e-mail] (Francois Pinard)
To: mit-eddie!prep.ai.mit.edu![e-mail],
        mit-eddie!prep.ai.mit.edu![e-mail]
Subject: GCC 1.37.1 installation report for 386/ix
Reply-To: mcgill-vision!iro.umontreal.ca![e-mail]

[This message is sent to both bug-gcc and bug-gnu-utils.]

I got gcc 1.37.1 running on 386/ix, using gas and COFF encapsulation.
The following details might be worth mentioning in the documentation,
or the installation Makefile could even be made to handle them.

* The first `make' prepares gnulib and adds gnulib2 to gnulib in the
same blow.  In fact, the `libconvert gnulib' should ideally be done
after the first gnulib is made and before gnulib2 is added to gnulib,
`inside' point 5. of INSTALL document, not in point 6.

* The stock ar, given by the AR macro in the Makefile, is ok for
gnulib preparation.  For gnulib2 preparation however, the binutils' AR
is preferable.

* Stage1 with cc requires something like CLIB=-lPW.  But subsequent
stages with gcc require that CLIB=.

* Option `-g' on `make CC=stage1/...' and `make CC=stage2/...'  is not
good, at least because libg.a has not been converted.  Should it be?

* After stage3, the comparison procedure suggested in point 9. of
INSTALL uses `tail +10 $file'.  Was rather `tail +10c $file' meant?  A
few files did not pass this test: gcc.o, obstack.o and version.o.

* The binutils' README-ENCAP should be revised, at least on the
following points:

   * `(There is no debugger support yet...)'.  This note could be
   removed: gdb 3.5 interfaces very nicely with gcc 1.37.1.

   * i386gnu should be replaced by i386-sysv-gas.

   * The outlined installation is wholly correct, but slightly fuzzy
   on details.  Maybe this could be straighten up.  (I have the
   feeling that the README-ENCAP could be taken over by gcc's INSTALL
   file).

----------
I feel like saying that gcc 1.37.1 works very satisfactorily for the
many usages I made of it today.  The whole package is a wonder.

--
Franc,ois Pinard          ``Vivement GNU!''         [e-mail]
[phone]    cp 886 L'Epiphanie (Qc) J0K 1J0    ...!uunet!iros1!pinard


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Subject: g++ 1.37.1 on 386/ix
Status: RO

*** EOOH ***
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Date: Sun, 4 Mar 90 23:07:08 GMT
From: James Clark <jclark![e-mail]>
To: [e-mail]
Subject: g++ 1.37.1 on 386/ix

I encountered a couple of glitches installing g++ 1.37.1 on 386/ix
(essentially System V/3.2). I used the coff encapsulation
configuration i386g.

1. make-links.g++ attempts to link ../gcc/config to ./config like this:

$symbolic_link ${CDIR} ./config 2>/dev/null || $hard_link ${CDIR} ./config
if [ ! -r ${CDIR} ]
then
    echo "$progname: unable to link \`${CDIR}'."
    exit 1
fi

System V doesn't have soft links and won't hard link directories;
so this doesn't work. Also, the test

if [ ! -r ${CDIR} ]

should presumably be

if [ ! -r ./config ]

I just did

mkdir config
ln ../gcc/config/* config

2. cplus-dem.c needs USG defined somehow.

3. ld.c needs a.out.{encap,gnu}.h from the binutils distribution.
Perhaps these should be included with g++, just as they are with gdb.

4. I had to make a couple of small changes to ld.c.

*** /usr/local/g++/ld.c Sun Mar  4 15:06:45 1990
--- ld.c        Sun Mar  4 22:41:21 1990
***************
*** 45,51 ****
--- 45,53 ----
  #include <sys/stat.h>
  #include <sys/file.h>
  #include <sys/time.h>
+ #ifndef USG
  #include <sys/resource.h>
+ #endif
  #ifndef sony_news
  #include <fcntl.h>
  #endif
***************
*** 4746,4752 ****

  #endif

! #if TARGET == SUN4

  /* Don't use local pagesize to build for Sparc.  */

--- 4748,4754 ----

  #endif

! #if defined(sun) && (TARGET == SUN4)

  /* Don't use local pagesize to build for Sparc.  */

5. This has nothing to do with the 386. Might it not be a good idea to
include xyzzy.cc from libg++/src in the g++ distribution? gnulib3.c is
included and it depends upon xyzzy.cc.

James Clark
[e-mail]


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From: [e-mail] (Doug Lea)
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In-Reply-To: Dave Newton's message of Fri, 9 Mar 90 10:35:52 CST <[e-mail]>
Subject: lib g++ problem
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Status: O

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Date: Sat, 10 Mar 90 07:11:22 EST
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To: [e-mail]
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In-Reply-To: Dave Newton's message of Fri, 9 Mar 90 10:35:52 CST <[e-mail]>
Subject: lib g++ problem
Reply-To: [e-mail]


The libg++/src/gnulib3.c support for on_exit was commented out by me
(see libg++/ChangeLog) after discovering that it did not always
correctly work with g++/libg++, at least on SunOS4. The most obvious
symptom is that it manages to internally invoke libc versions of some
functions, ignoring libg++ overrides. This appears to be a linker
issue: If nothing in your program calls one of the few libg++
functions, say f, that have the same name as a libc function f, then
during the `-lc' part of the link, some C function that calls f will
use the libc f. According to ANSI C, libg++ probably should not be
redefining libc functions in this way, but pragmatics seem to force it
(for example, with libg++ malloc, free, realloc).  I did not get a
chance to follow up on this to find a better solution before release.

In general, the on_exit approach to cleanup is slightly incongruous with
the notion of global destructors. For example, if you have both, which
should be done first?

-Doug


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Date: 6 Mar 90 18:04:36 GMT
From: [e-mail]  (George Hartzell)
Organization: MCD Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder
Subject: Re: g++ doesn't know about __DTOR_TABLE__, __CTOR_TABLE__
Message-Id: <[e-mail]>
References: <[e-mail]>, <[e-mail]>
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To: [e-mail]
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*** EOOH ***
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Date: 6 Mar 90 18:04:36 GMT
From: [e-mail]  (George Hartzell)
Organization: MCD Biology, University of Colorado, Boulder
Subject: Re: g++ doesn't know about __DTOR_TABLE__, __CTOR_TABLE__
References: <[e-mail]>, <[e-mail]>
Sender: [e-mail]
To: [e-mail]

In article <[e-mail]>, oneill@bass (Brian V O'Neill) writes:
>
>Something has changed which probably shouldn't have...
>

Do you have NO_UNDERSCORES properly (un)defined?  Are you using
collect?  If so, compile something with g++ -v, and stop it after
collect runs, but before as finishes assembling collect's output.
Look at collect's output and make sure that it is generating the
correct symbol names.
g.
George Hartzell                              [phone]
 MCD Biology, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309
[e-mail]           ..!ncar!boulder!hartzell


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Subject: Re: Installing g++ on a Convex
In-Reply-To: Your message of Mon, 12 Mar 90 07:10:39 -0500.
Date: Mon, 12 Mar 90 08:40:54 -0500
From: [e-mail]
Status: RO

*** EOOH ***
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Cc: [e-mail], [e-mail], [e-mail]
Subject: Re: Installing g++ on a Convex
In-Reply-To: Your message of Mon, 12 Mar 90 07:10:39 -0500.
Date: Mon, 12 Mar 90 08:40:54 -0500
From: [e-mail]


In an earlier message, Alan Cabrera wrote:

adc> I'm attempting to install g++ 1.37.0 on a Convex C2.

Take heart--we've got it running on a Convex C2, as well.  Thanks to
Michael Tiemann and Jim Gillis.

adc> I setup my Makefile to use COFF and COFF_COLLECT.

You should not use any of the COFFLAGS with collect2.  They are only
used with collect.

adc> I change the line
adc>     all: g++ cc1plus collect # crt0+.o crt1+.o
adc> to
adc>     all: g++ cc1plus collect2 # crt0+.o crt1+.o

Yes, that's correct.

adc>     ld: ERROR - Library 'libg++.a' not found
adc>     ld: No executable produced.

In the Makefiles for g++ and libg++, you'll find the variable "prefix"
set to /usr/local and /usr/gnu in the respective distributions.  These
should be the same for g++ to be able to find libg++.a.

adc> I add a -L/mnt/adc/lib, this is where libg++.a is, recompile and get:

That's equivalent to setting prefix equal to /mnt/adc/lib in the g++
Makefile, I believe.

adc>     g++: installation problem, cannot exec collect: No such file
adc> or directory
adc>
adc> Have I done something wrong in installing g++?

Yes... this is from using COFFLAGS.  The correct usage is *not* to use
COFFLAGS.  "collect2" is a misnomer; it should really have been called
"ld-hack" or something like that.  It is a replacement for ld.  The
Makefile automatically installs it as /mnt/adc/gcc-ld; you shouldn't
need not do anything more except for comment out COFFLAGS.

Keep in touch--

--Tom Ngo
  [e-mail]



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Date: 16 Mar 90 02:11:41 GMT
From: [e-mail]  (Chin Wu)
Organization: University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
Subject: RE: g++ on SGI iris
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*** EOOH ***
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Date: 16 Mar 90 02:11:41 GMT
From: [e-mail]  (Chin Wu)
Organization: University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
Subject: RE: g++ on SGI iris
Sender: [e-mail]
To: [e-mail]

Hi,
    You should use collect.c instead of ld.c.

>>  COFFLAGS = -DUSE_COLLECT -DEXTENDED_COFF

>> # On COFF systems, use the target below.
>> all: g++ cc1plus collect # crt0+.o crt1+.o


[e-mail]


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Date: 20 Mar 90 10:37:15 GMT
From: tuewsd![e-mail]  (Paul de Bra)
Organization: Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands
Subject: g++ for 386
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*** EOOH ***
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Date: 20 Mar 90 10:37:15 GMT
From: tuewsd![e-mail]  (Paul de Bra)
Organization: Eindhoven University of Technology, The Netherlands
Subject: g++ for 386
Sender: [e-mail]
To: [e-mail]

As promised, here is all the info you need to get the latest g++
up and running on a 386 with System V (I only tried AT&T, but that
should not matter as everything is compiled with the GNU compiler anyway)

How to get g++ (1.37.1) running on a 386 with system V.
-------------------------------------------------------

First get gcc 1.37.1 running, using the i386-sysv-gas config.
(this requires that you also have gas and the binutils running)

- edit the makefile to specify the correct names for directories,
  to set LINK=ln, INSTALL=cp, do not include malloc.o, and do
  not specify anything that relates to COFF as we don't use COFF,
  but rather the coff encapsulation.

- make sure you say MALLOC=malloc.o in the Makefile, as g++ will
  sometimes dump when used with the standard malloc. this may be
  a bug in g++ instead of malloc, don't know.

- make a config directory. then type make maketest.
  you should not get any fatal errors.

- config.g++ i386-sysv-gas

- in cplus-dem.c, #include "config.h" before the #ifdef USG.

- copy a.out.encap.h and a.out.gnu.h from the binutils.

- in ld.c, remove include sys/time.h and sys/resource.h with an ifdef
- at the end of ld.c, add an ifdef sun around the definition of
  getpagesize for SUN4.

- type "make" and wait. finish with make install and you're all set.

How to get libg++ (1.37.0) running with g++ 1.37.1 on the 386.
--------------------------------------------------------------

First make sure you have gcc and g++ 1.37.1 running, both configured
with i386-sysv-gas.

- edit the makefile to specify the correct names for directories,
  in particular set PWD to the current dir, check the prefix, which is
  different between the Makefile for g++ and for libg++ (for reasons
  that escape me), set OSFLAGS=-DUSG, XTRAFLAGS=-DCOFF_ENCAPSULATE,
  INSTALL=cp.

- don't forget to also edit the Makefile in the src directory.

- remove (uncomment) line 222 of src/malloc.c. it redeclares fprintf.

- rename libgxx_io_ob.cc to libgxx_io_ob.C, and change the Makefile
  accordingly. the name libgxx_io_ob.cc is truncated to libgxx_io_ob.c
  so the g++ compiler thinks it's just an ordinary c file.
  This also involves adding .C to the .SUFFIXES list (in the Makefile)
  and adding the rule
  .C.o:
          $(GXX) $(GXXFLAGS) -c  $<

- type "make src" to build libg++, "make install" to install it.

- if you want to run the tests, define PAGSIZ=4096 in test.hello.cc
  to avoid calling the non-existent getpagesize() function.

- several test programs don't work. something is still wrong, but some
  programs do work.

Enjoy!

Paul.
([e-mail])


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Date: 4 Mar 90 01:15:56 GMT
From: [e-mail]  (George Hartzell)
Organization: University of Colorado, Boulder
Subject: gdb on MIPS (non-DECstation)
Message-Id: <[e-mail]>
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*** EOOH ***
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Date: 4 Mar 90 01:15:56 GMT
From: [e-mail]  (George Hartzell)
Organization: University of Colorado, Boulder
Subject: gdb on MIPS (non-DECstation)
Sender: [e-mail]
To: [e-mail]

After applying Per Bothner's mips patches to the gdb3.5 sources, the
following "trivial" fix to munch will produce a working (so far,
anyway.  I haven't tried much) version of gdb on my MIPS M-2000 in the
BSD environment.  The problem is that the default behavior for nm is
system V, so we need to add the -B arguement to force BSD behavior.

Maybe MIPS could make a /bsd43/bin/nm that defaulted to the BSD
behaviour!!!

Change:
    nm -p $* | egrep 'T *_?_initialize_' | \
to:
    nm -B -p $* | egrep 'T *_?_initialize_' | \

Here is the complete script:
#! /bin/sh

# create an initialization procedure from a list of .o files

echo '/* Do not modify this file.  It is created automatically by "munch". */'
echo 'void initialize_all_files () {'

if test "$1" = "-DSYSV" ; then
    shift;
    nm $* | egrep '^(.*[^a-zA-Z_]_|_)initialize_' | \
    sed -e 's/^.*\(_initialize_[a-zA-Z0-9_]*\)[^a-zA-Z0-9_].*$/   \1 ();/'
else
    nm -B -p $* | egrep 'T *_?_initialize_' | \
    sed -e 's/^.*T *_*\(.*\)/    _\1 ();/'
fi

echo '}'



George Hartzell                              [phone]
 MCD Biology, University of Colorado-Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309
[e-mail]           ..!ncar!boulder!hartzell


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Date: 19 Apr 90 19:06:32 GMT
From: [e-mail]  (Paulo Guedes)
Organization: Open Software Foundation
Subject: g++ on Mach 2.5 (i386)
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*** EOOH ***
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Date: 19 Apr 90 19:06:32 GMT
From: [e-mail]  (Paulo Guedes)
Organization: Open Software Foundation
Subject: g++ on Mach 2.5 (i386)
Sender: [e-mail]
To: [e-mail]

I recently installed g++ 1.37.1 on Mach 2.5 (i386). This instalation
assumes you have the gcc sources (which make part of the Mach 2.5
(i386) distribution) on the directory "../gcc", as g++ uses most
of the gcc back-end files.

The instalation of the compiler should run without problems. To
install the g++ library, file g++-include/math.h must be changed
because it triggers an error in the C library (atof causes core dump
for values greater then MAXFLOAT). See the diff file. After these
changes all the library should install without problems. Notice,
however, that the execution of some of the test files will fail if
executed from a non-privileged account (some of them try to write
on "/dev/tty" which is normaly protected on the standard Mach 2.5
(i386) distribution).

Paulo

---
Paulo Guedes     Open Software Foundation   11 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA
Email: [e-mail]    Phone: [phone]

-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Next follow TWO diff files for g++ and libg++.

Diff file for g++-1.37.1
-------------------------------------------------------------------------
Only in g++: .gdbinit
Only in g++-1.37.1: DIFF
Only in g++-1.37.1: DIFFS
Only in g++-1.37.1: DIFFS.bak
diff -rc2 g++-1.37.1/Makefile g++/Makefile
*** g++-1.37.1/Makefile    Mon Feb 26 09:37:46 1990
--- g++/Makefile    Tue Apr 17 18:42:00 1990
***************
*** 44,51 ****
  # /usr/include/unistd.h.  If this is the case for your system
  # uncomment the following line.
! # HAVE_UNISTD_H = -DNO_UNISTD_H

  # CFLAGS = -g -DSOS -DESKIT -O
! CFLAGS = -g -DGATHER_STATISTICS -O $(COFFLAGS) -B../gcc-test/
  CC = gcc
  BISON = bison
--- 44,51 ----
  # /usr/include/unistd.h.  If this is the case for your system
  # uncomment the following line.
! HAVE_UNISTD_H = -DNO_UNISTD_H

  # CFLAGS = -g -DSOS -DESKIT -O
! CFLAGS = -g -DGATHER_STATISTICS -O $(COFFLAGS) -B../gcc/
  CC = gcc
  BISON = bison
***************
*** 75,79 ****

  prefix=/usr/local
-
  # Directory where sources are, from where we are.
  srcdir = .
--- 75,78 ----
***************
*** 90,94 ****

  # Additional system libraries to link with.
! CLIB=

  # Change this to a null string if obstacks are installed in the
--- 89,93 ----

  # Additional system libraries to link with.
! CLIB=/lib/libc.a $(libdir)/gcc-gnulib

  # Change this to a null string if obstacks are installed in the
***************
*** 99,103 ****
  DIR = ../gcc
  # this is the GNU CC build directory
! TDIR = ../gcc-test

  # End of variables for you to override.
--- 98,102 ----
  DIR = ../gcc
  # this is the GNU CC build directory
! TDIR = ../gcc

  # End of variables for you to override.
***************
*** 130,134 ****
  # certain versions of Genix), try getting the files
  # malloc.c and getpagesize.h from GNU Emacs and un-comment the following line:
! MALLOC = malloc.o

  # If you are running GCC on an Apollo (SR10.x),
--- 129,133 ----
  # certain versions of Genix), try getting the files
  # malloc.c and getpagesize.h from GNU Emacs and un-comment the following line:
! # MALLOC = malloc.o

  # If you are running GCC on an Apollo (SR10.x),
***************
*** 144,147 ****
--- 143,147 ----
  # How to link with both our special library facilities
  # and the system's installed libraries.
+ # LIBS = $(OBSTACK) $(ALLOCA) $(MALLOC) $(CLIB)
  LIBS = $(OBSTACK) $(ALLOCA) $(MALLOC) $(CLIB)

***************
*** 205,211 ****
  # gnulib is not a target because a proper installation of GNU CC
  # will place it where g++ can find it.  Same with cpp
! all: crt1+.o g++ cc1plus ld++ g++filt # collect crt0+.o
  # On COFF systems, use the target below.
! # all: g++ cc1plus collect # crt0+.o crt1+.o

  doc: $(srcdir)/cpp.info $(srcdir)/g++.info
--- 205,212 ----
  # gnulib is not a target because a proper installation of GNU CC
  # will place it where g++ can find it.  Same with cpp
! # all: crt1+.o g++ cc1plus ld++ g++filt # collect crt0+.o
! all: crt1+.o g++ cc1plus ld++ g++filt crt0+.o # collect
  # On COFF systems, use the target below.
! # all: g++ cc1plus collect crt0+.o crt1+.o

  doc: $(srcdir)/cpp.info $(srcdir)/g++.info
***************
*** 263,268 ****
      elif cmp -s tm.h config/tm-newsgas.h; then \
          CRT0_OPTIONS='-DCRT0_DUMMIES=bogus_fp, -DDOT_GLOBAL_START'; \
      elif cmp -s tm.h config/tm-i386gas.h; then \
!         OPTS='-DUSG -DCOFF_ENCAPSULATE -DNON_NATIVE -DPORTAR'; \
      else \
          OPTS='-DTARGET=-1'; \
--- 264,272 ----
      elif cmp -s tm.h config/tm-newsgas.h; then \
          CRT0_OPTIONS='-DCRT0_DUMMIES=bogus_fp, -DDOT_GLOBAL_START'; \
+ ###### elif cmp -s tm.h config/tm-i386gas.h; then
+ ###### OPTS='-DUSG -DCOFF_ENCAPSULATE -DNON_NATIVE -DPORTAR';
      elif cmp -s tm.h config/tm-i386gas.h; then \
!         OPTS='-I$(libdir)'; \
!         DFLTS='"$(libdir)", "/lib", "/usr/lib", "/usr/local/lib"'; \
      else \
          OPTS='-DTARGET=-1'; \
***************
*** 281,291 ****

  collect: collect.c config.h $(LIBDEPS)
!     COLLECT_LIBS="-lld"; \
      if cmp -s tm.h config/tm-encore.h; then \
          COLLECT_OPTIONS='-DUMAX'; \
      else \
          COLLECT_OPTIONS=''; \
      fi; \
!     $(CC) -o collect $(PROFILE) $$COLLECT_OPTIONS $(CFLAGS) $(INCLUDES) $< -lg -lc $$COLLECT_LIBS

  collect2: collect2.c config.h
--- 285,299 ----

  collect: collect.c config.h $(LIBDEPS)
!     -set -x; COLLECT_LIBS="-lld -lg"; \
      if cmp -s tm.h config/tm-encore.h; then \
          COLLECT_OPTIONS='-DUMAX'; \
+      elif cmp -s tm.h config/tm-i386gas.h; then \
+          COLLECT_LIBS=""; COLLECT_OPTIONS=""; \
+      elif cmp -s tm.h config/tm-decstatn.h; then \
+          COLLECT_LIBS=""; COLLECT_OPTIONS=""; \
      else \
          COLLECT_OPTIONS=''; \
      fi; \
!      $(CC) -o collect $(PROFILE) $$COLLECT_OPTIONS $(CFLAGS) $(INCLUDES) collect.c -lc $$COLLECT_LIBS

  collect2: collect2.c config.h
***************
*** 321,325 ****
      mv crt0.o crt0+.o

! CRT1_COMMAND=$(CC) -Um68k -g -c $(INCLUDES) crt1.c

  crt1+.o: crt1.c config.h
--- 329,333 ----
      mv crt0.o crt0+.o

! CRT1_COMMAND=$(CC) -Um68k -c $(INCLUDES) crt1.c

  crt1+.o: crt1.c config.h
***************
*** 601,605 ****
      $(INSTALL) g++ $(bindir)
      -if [ -f ld++ ] ; then $(INSTALL) ld++ $(libdir)/gcc-ld ;fi
! #    -if [ -f crt0+.o ] ; then $(INSTALL) crt0+.o $(startdir)/crt0+.o ;fi
      -if [ -f crt1+.o ] ; then $(INSTALL) crt1+.o $(startdir)/crt1+.o ;fi
      -mkdir $(libdir)/g++-include
--- 609,613 ----
      $(INSTALL) g++ $(bindir)
      -if [ -f ld++ ] ; then $(INSTALL) ld++ $(libdir)/gcc-ld ;fi
!     -if [ -f crt0+.o ] ; then $(INSTALL) crt0+.o $(startdir)/crt0+.o ;fi
      -if [ -f crt1+.o ] ; then $(INSTALL) crt1+.o $(startdir)/crt1+.o ;fi
      -mkdir $(libdir)/g++-include
Only in g++: Makefile.bak
Only in g++: Makefile~
Only in g++: assert.h
Only in g++: aux-output.c
Only in g++: basic-block.h
Only in g++: bison.simple
Only in g++: c-tree.h
Only in g++: caller-save.c
Only in g++: caller-save.o
Only in g++: case.o
Only in g++: cc1plus
diff -rc2 g++-1.37.1/collect.c g++/collect.c
*** g++-1.37.1/collect.c    Wed Nov 22 23:29:14 1989
--- g++/collect.c    Thu Apr 12 15:42:38 1990
***************
*** 69,73 ****
--- 69,75 ----
  #ifdef i386
  #define ASM_INT_OP    ASM_LONG
+ #ifdef NOT_MACH
  #define NO_UNDERSCORES 1
+ #endif
  #endif

Only in g++: collect.c~
Only in g++: combine.c
Only in g++: combine.o
Only in g++: conditions.h
Only in g++: config
diff -rc2 g++-1.37.1/config.g++ g++/config.g++
*** g++-1.37.1/config.g++    Sun Nov  5 00:26:35 1989
--- g++/config.g++    Thu Apr  5 11:02:12 1990
***************
*** 109,112 ****
--- 109,119 ----
          machine_type=i386gas
          ;;
+ #ifndef NOT_MACH
+     i386)
+         cpu_type=i386
+         configuration_file=xm-i386.h
+         target_machine=tm-i386gas.h
+         ;;
+ #endif NOT_MACH
      i860)
          ;;
Only in g++: config.g++~
Only in g++: config.gcc
Only in g++: config.h
Only in g++: config.status
Only in g++: cplus-class.o
Only in g++: cplus-cvt.o
Only in g++: cplus-decl.o
Only in g++: cplus-decl2.o
Only in g++: cplus-dem.o
Only in g++: cplus-except.o
Only in g++: cplus-expr.o
Only in g++: cplus-init.o
diff -rc2 g++-1.37.1/cplus-lex.c g++/cplus-lex.c
*** g++-1.37.1/cplus-lex.c    Thu Feb 22 08:51:38 1990
--- g++/cplus-lex.c    Thu Apr 19 10:26:15 1990
***************
*** 32,35 ****
--- 32,38 ----
  #define _IOFBF 2        /* Missing from GNU's stdio.h */
  #endif
+ #if defined(i386) && !defined(NOT_MACH)
+ #define _IOFBF 0
+ #endif
  #include "cplus-tab.h"
  #include "cplus-parse.h"
***************
*** 1126,1130 ****
        pending_inlines = pending_inlines->next;
        finput = finput2;
! #if defined(i386) && !defined(sequent) && !defined(sun386)
        finput2->_ptr = finput2->_base = t->buf;
        _bufend(finput2) = t->buf + t->len;
--- 1129,1133 ----
        pending_inlines = pending_inlines->next;
        finput = finput2;
! #if defined(i386) && defined(NOT_MACH) && !defined(sequent) && !defined(sun386)
        finput2->_ptr = finput2->_base = t->buf;
        _bufend(finput2) = t->buf + t->len;
***************
*** 2284,2288 ****
           end of this function.  */
            pending_inlines = pending_inlines->next;
! #if defined(i386) && !defined(sequent) && !defined(sun386)
            finput2->_ptr = finput2->_base = t->buf;
            _bufend(finput2) = t->buf + t->len;
--- 2287,2291 ----
           end of this function.  */
            pending_inlines = pending_inlines->next;
! #if defined(i386) && defined(NOT_MACH) && !defined(sequent) && !defined(sun386)
            finput2->_ptr = finput2->_base = t->buf;
            _bufend(finput2) = t->buf + t->len;
Only in g++: cplus-lex.c.orig
Only in g++: cplus-lex.c~
Only in g++: cplus-lex.o
Only in g++: cplus-method.o
Only in g++: cplus-ptree.o
Only in g++: cplus-search.o
Only in g++: cplus-tab.c
Only in g++: cplus-tab.h
Only in g++: cplus-tab.o
Only in g++: cplus-tab.output
Only in g++: cplus-tree.o
Only in g++: cplus-type2.o
Only in g++: cplus-typeck.o
Only in g++: crt0+.o
Only in g++: crt1+.o
Only in g++: cse.c
Only in g++: cse.o
Only in g++: dbxout.o
Only in g++: emit-rtl.c
Only in g++: emit-rtl.o
Only in g++: explow.c
Only in g++: explow.o
Only in g++: expmed.c
Only in g++: expmed.o
Only in g++: expr.o
Only in g++: final.c
Only in g++: final.o
Only in g++: flow.c
Only in g++: flow.o
Only in g++: fold-const.c
Only in g++: fold-const.o
Only in g++: g++
Only in g++-1.37.1: g++.diff-1.37.0-1.37.1
Only in g++: g++filt
Only in g++: g++filt.o
diff -rc2 g++-1.37.1/gcc.c g++/gcc.c
*** g++-1.37.1/gcc.c    Sat Jan 20 07:21:10 1990
--- g++/gcc.c    Thu Apr 19 12:24:20 1990
***************
*** 312,317 ****
   %{y*} %{!nostdlib:%S} \
   %{L*} %o %{!nostdlib:-lg++ gnulib%s %{g:-lg} %L}\n }}}}";
! #else
  /* Here is the spec for running the linker, after compiling all files.  */
  char *link_spec = "%{!c:%{!M*:%{!E:%{!S:ld %{o*} %l\
   %{A} %{d} %{e*} %{N} %{n} %{r} %{s} %{S} %{T*} %{t} %{u*} %{X} %{x} %{z}\
--- 312,318 ----
   %{y*} %{!nostdlib:%S} \
   %{L*} %o %{!nostdlib:-lg++ gnulib%s %{g:-lg} %L}\n }}}}";
! #else USE_COLLECT
  /* Here is the spec for running the linker, after compiling all files.  */
+ #ifdef NOT_MACH
  char *link_spec = "%{!c:%{!M*:%{!E:%{!S:ld %{o*} %l\
   %{A} %{d} %{e*} %{N} %{n} %{r} %{s} %{S} %{T*} %{t} %{u*} %{X} %{x} %{z}\
***************
*** 318,322 ****
   %{y*} %{!nostdlib:%S} \
   %{L*} %o %{!nostdlib:-lg++ gnulib%s %{g:-lg} %L}\n }}}}";
! #endif

  /* Accumulate a command (program name and args), and run it.  */
--- 319,329 ----
   %{y*} %{!nostdlib:%S} \
   %{L*} %o %{!nostdlib:-lg++ gnulib%s %{g:-lg} %L}\n }}}}";
! #else NOT_MACH
! char *link_spec = "%{!c:%{!M*:%{!E:%{!S:ld %{o*} %l\
!  %{A} %{d} %{e*} %{N} %{n} %{r} %{s} %{S} %{T*} %{t} %{u*} %{X} %{x} %{z}\
!  %{y*} %{!nostdlib:%S} \
!  %{L*} %o %{!nostdlib:-lg++ %{g:-lg} %L gnulib%s -lc}\n }}}}";
! #endif NOT_MACH
! #endif USE_COLLECT

  /* Accumulate a command (program name and args), and run it.  */
Only in g++: gcc.c.bak
Only in g++: gcc.c.orig
Only in g++: gcc.c~
Only in g++: gcc.o
Only in g++: gdbfiles.h
Only in g++: gencodes
Only in g++: gencodes.c
Only in g++: gencodes.o
Only in g++: genconfig
Only in g++: genconfig.c
Only in g++: genconfig.o
Only in g++: genemit
Only in g++: genemit.c
Only in g++: genemit.o
Only in g++: genextract
Only in g++: genextract.c
Only in g++: genextract.o
Only in g++: genflags
Only in g++: genflags.c
Only in g++: genflags.o
Only in g++: genoutput
Only in g++: genoutput.c
Only in g++: genoutput.o
Only in g++: genpeep
Only in g++: genpeep.c
Only in g++: genpeep.o
Only in g++: genrecog
Only in g++: genrecog.c
Only in g++: genrecog.o
Only in g++: global-alloc.c
Only in g++: global-alloc.o
Only in g++: gvarargs.h
Only in g++: hard-reg-set.h
Only in g++: insn-codes.h
Only in g++: insn-config.h
Only in g++: insn-emit.c
Only in g++: insn-emit.o
Only in g++: insn-extract.c
Only in g++: insn-extract.o
Only in g++: insn-flags.h
Only in g++: insn-output.c
Only in g++: insn-output.o
Only in g++: insn-peep.c
Only in g++: insn-peep.o
Only in g++: insn-recog.c
Only in g++: insn-recog.o
Only in g++: integrate.o
Only in g++: jump.c
Only in g++: jump.o
Only in g++: lastfile.o
Only in g++: ld++
diff -rc2 g++-1.37.1/ld.c g++/ld.c
*** g++-1.37.1/ld.c    Fri Apr 13 15:34:25 1990
--- g++/ld.c    Fri Apr  6 16:22:49 1990
***************
*** 1,2 ****
--- 1,36 ----
+ /*
+  * Mach Operating System
+  * Copyright (c) 1990 Carnegie-Mellon University
+  * Copyright (c) 1989 Carnegie-Mellon University
+  * All rights reserved.  The CMU software License Agreement specifies
+  * the terms and conditions for use and redistribution.
+  */
+ /*
+  * HISTORY
+  * $Log: HINTS,v $
# Revision 1.2  1991/07/30  04:48:16  hgs
# *** empty log message ***
#
+  */
+ /*
+  *  Note: the copyright above only applies to the MACH changes in the file.
+  *
+  *    The files below were changed from the orginals provided in binutils.
+  *  All changes are in #ifdef NOT_MACH ... #else ... #endif conditionals.
+  *  The changes are intended for use with the i386 MACH 2.5 operating
+  *  environment.
+  *
+  *    NOTE:  MACH ld has a few major changes from the base ld:
+  *         The struct exec is part of the file.  It is loaded
+  *        with the text.
+  *         The text start address is 0x10000.  The low 64k is
+  *        never mapped.  The pagesize is always 4k.
+  */
+ /*
+     Makefile
+     ar.c
+     a.out.h
+     ld.c
+     nm.c
+ */
+
+
  /* Linker `ld' for GNU
     Copyright (C) 1988 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
***************
*** 177,181 ****
  #endif
  #if defined(i386) && !defined(sequent)
!   #define INITIALIZE_HEADER N_SET_MACHTYPE (outheader, M_386)
  #endif

--- 211,219 ----
  #endif
  #if defined(i386) && !defined(sequent)
!   #ifdef    NOT_MACH
!     #define INITIALIZE_HEADER N_SET_MACHTYPE (outheader, M_386)
!   #else    NOT_MACH
!     #define INITIALIZE_HEADER
!   #endif    NOT_MACH
  #endif

***************
*** 1024,1027 ****
--- 1062,1070 ----
    if (!T_flag_specified && !relocatable_output)
      text_start = N_TXTADDR (outheader);
+ #ifdef    NOT_MACH
+ #else    NOT_MACH
+   else if (T_flag_specified == 1 && magic == OMAGIC)
+     text_start -= N_TXTOFF (outheader);    /* cancel previous "error" */
+ #endif    NOT_MACH

    /* The text-start address is normally this far past a page boundary.  */
***************
*** 1191,1205 ****

    /* Now check some option settings for consistency.  */
!
! #ifdef NMAGIC
    if ((magic == ZMAGIC || magic == NMAGIC)
- #else
-   if ((magic == ZMAGIC)
- #endif
        && (text_start - text_start_alignment) & (page_size - 1))
      fatal ("-T argument not multiple of page size, with sharable output", 0);

    /* Append the standard search directories to the user-specified ones.  */
    {
      int n = sizeof standard_search_dirs / sizeof standard_search_dirs[0];
      n_search_dirs += n;
--- 1234,1278 ----

    /* Now check some option settings for consistency.  */
! #ifdef    NOT_MACH
    if ((magic == ZMAGIC || magic == NMAGIC)
        && (text_start - text_start_alignment) & (page_size - 1))
      fatal ("-T argument not multiple of page size, with sharable output", 0);
+ #else    NOT_MACH
+   /*
+    * The check above is stupid, since text_start_alignment is not computed
+    * until after we are return.  So it's zero.
+    */
+ #endif    NOT_MACH

    /* Append the standard search directories to the user-specified ones.  */
+ #ifndef    NOT_MACH
+   if ((int) getenv("LPATH"))
    {
+     char *lpath = (char *)getenv("LPATH");
+     char *bp = lpath;
+     char *cp = lpath;
+     char *sp = (char *) 0;
+     int  len;
+     int  c = 1;
+
+     for(; c; bp = ++cp) {
+     while ((c = *cp) && c != ':') cp++;
+     if (len = (cp - bp)) {
+         sp = (char *) xmalloc(len+1);
+         bcopy(bp, sp, len);
+         sp[len] = 0;
+     } else {
+         sp = (char *) xmalloc(1+1);
+         bcopy(".", sp, 1+1);
+     }
+     n_search_dirs++;
+     search_dirs
+       = (char **) xrealloc (search_dirs, n_search_dirs * sizeof (char *));
+     search_dirs[n_search_dirs - 1] = sp;
+     }
+   }
+   else
+ #endif    NOT_MACH
+   {
      int n = sizeof standard_search_dirs / sizeof standard_search_dirs[0];
      n_search_dirs += n;
***************
*** 1275,1278 ****
--- 1348,1355 ----
      {
        text_start = parse (arg, "%x", "invalid argument to -Ttext");
+ #ifdef    NOT_MACH
+ #else    NOT_MACH
+       text_start += N_TXTOFF (outheader);
+ #endif    NOT_MACH
        T_flag_specified = 1;
        return;
***************
*** 1361,1364 ****
--- 1438,1445 ----
      case 'T':
        text_start = parse (arg, "%x", "invalid argument to -T");
+ #ifdef    NOT_MACH
+ #else    NOT_MACH
+       text_start += N_TXTOFF (outheader);
+ #endif    NOT_MACH
        T_flag_specified = 1;
        return;
***************
*** 2471,2475 ****
--- 2552,2560 ----
      {
        int text_end = text_size + N_TXTOFF (outheader);
+ #ifdef    NOT_MACH
        text_pad = ((text_end + page_size - 1) & (- page_size)) - text_end;
+ #else    NOT_MACH
+       text_pad = ((text_end + SEGMENT_SIZE - 1) & (- SEGMENT_SIZE)) - text_end;
+ #endif    NOT_MACH
        text_size += text_pad;
      }
***************
*** 2483,2487 ****
--- 2568,2576 ----

    if (! Tdata_flag_specified)
+ #ifdef    NOT_MACH
      data_start = N_DATADDR (outheader) + text_start - N_TXTADDR (outheader);
+ #else    NOT_MACH
+     data_start = text_start + text_size;
+ #endif    NOT_MACH

    /* Set up the set element vector */
***************
*** 2642,2648 ****
--- 2731,2745 ----
      data_pad = specified_data_size - data_size;

+ #ifdef    NOT_MACH
    if (magic == ZMAGIC)
      data_pad = ((data_pad + data_size + page_size - 1) & (- page_size))
                 - data_size;
+ #else    NOT_MACH
+ #if    0
+   if (magic == ZMAGIC)
+     data_pad = ((data_pad + data_size + SEGMENT_SIZE - 1) & (- SEGMENT_SIZE))
+                - data_size;
+ #endif    0
+ #endif    NOT_MACH

    bss_size -= data_pad;
***************
*** 3351,3354 ****
--- 3448,3458 ----
  {
    N_SET_MAGIC (outheader, magic);
+ #ifdef    NOT_MACH
+ #else    NOT_MACH
+   if ((T_flag_specified || Tdata_flag_specified) && ((text_start&0xf0000000) != 0xc0000000)) /* this last conjunct is a tmp hack */
+     {
+     N_SET_FLAGS(outheader, 0x01);
+     }
+ #endif    NOT_MACH
    outheader.a_text = text_size;
  #ifdef sequent
***************
*** 3448,3451 ****
--- 3552,3566 ----
    outheader.a_syms = nsyms * sizeof (struct nlist);

+ #ifdef    NOT_MACH
+ #else    NOT_MACH
+   if ((T_flag_specified || Tdata_flag_specified) && ((text_start&0xf0000000) != 0xc0000000)) /* this last conjunct is a tmp hack */
+     {
+      if (T_flag_specified)
+     outheader.a_trsize = text_start - ((magic == OMAGIC) ? 0 :
+                               N_TXTOFF(outheader));
+      if (Tdata_flag_specified)
+     outheader.a_drsize = data_start;
+     } else
+ #endif    NOT_MACH
    if (relocatable_output)
      {
Only in g++: ld.c.bak
Only in g++: ld.c.new
Only in g++: ld.c~
Only in g++: ld.o
Only in g++: limits.h
Only in g++: local-alloc.c
Only in g++: local-alloc.o
Only in g++: loop.c
Only in g++: loop.o
Only in g++: machmode.def
Only in g++: md
Only in g++: move-if-change
Only in g++: obstack.c
Only in g++: obstack.h
Only in g++: obstack.o
Only in g++: optabs.c
Only in g++: optabs.o
Only in g++: output.h
Only in g++: print-tree.o
Only in g++: real.h
Only in g++: recog.c
Only in g++: recog.h
Only in g++: recog.o
Only in g++: regclass.c
Only in g++: regclass.o
Only in g++: regs.h
Only in g++: reload.c
Only in g++: reload.h
Only in g++: reload.o
Only in g++: reload1.c
Only in g++: reload1.o
Only in g++: rtl.c
Only in g++: rtl.def
Only in g++: rtl.h
Only in g++: rtl.o
Only in g++: rtlanal.c
Only in g++: rtlanal.o
Only in g++: sdbout.c
Only in g++: sdbout.o
Only in g++: stab.def
Only in g++: stamp-codes.h
Only in g++: stamp-config.h
Only in g++: stamp-emit.c
Only in g++: stamp-extract.c
Only in g++: stamp-flags.h
Only in g++: stamp-output.c
Only in g++: stamp-peep.c
Only in g++: stamp-recog.c
Only in g++: stdarg.h
Only in g++: stddef.h
Only in g++: stmt.o
Only in g++: stor-layout.o
Only in g++: stupid.c
Only in g++: stupid.o
Only in g++: symout.o
Only in g++: symseg.h
Only in g++: tm.h
Only in g++: toplev.o
Only in g++: tree.o
Only in g++: typeclass.h
Only in g++: varasm.o
Only in g++: version.o

Diff file for libg++-1.37.0
--------------------------------------------------------------------
*** g++-include/sys/stat.h~    Tue Nov 28 07:11:50 1989
--- g++-include/sys/stat.h    Fri Apr 13 12:12:15 1990
***************
*** 9,16 ****
  #ifndef stat_h
  #define stat_h 1
  int stat (char *path, struct stat *buf);
  int lstat (char *path, struct stat *buf);
  int fstat (int fd, struct stat *buf);
!
  #endif

--- 9,17 ----
  #ifndef stat_h
  #define stat_h 1
+ #ifdef NOT_MACH
  int stat (char *path, struct stat *buf);
  int lstat (char *path, struct stat *buf);
  int fstat (int fd, struct stat *buf);
! #endif
  #endif

*** g++-include/math.h~    Thu Apr 19 10:50:06 1990
--- g++-include/math.h    Thu Apr 19 10:50:30 1990
***************
*** 151,155 ****
--- 151,159 ----

  #ifndef HUGE
+ #ifdef i386
+ #define HUGE    MAXFLOAT
+ #else
  #define HUGE    MAXDOUBLE
+ #endif
  #endif


---
Paulo Guedes     Open Software Foundation   11 Cambridge Center, Cambridge, MA
Email: [e-mail]    Phone: [phone]


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Subject: g++ 1.37.2x  on SGI boxes
Date: Thu, 12 Apr 90 12:24:09 PDT
From: Jim Helman <[e-mail]>
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Subject: g++ 1.37.2x  on SGI boxes
Date: Thu, 12 Apr 90 12:24:09 PDT
From: Jim Helman <[e-mail]>

I ran into a few problems getting g++ + libg++ up on our machines.  A
few changes needed to be made in addition to the COFF/SYSV changes
listed in HINTS & README.  They're mostly trivial, but the
NO_UNDERSCORES one had me stumped for a while.

    COLLECT_LIBS='-lmld'

rather than

    COLLECT_LIBS='-lld'

IRIX's make only defines $< for inference rules, so:

    $(CC) -o collect $(PROFILE) $$COLLECT_OPTIONS $(CFLAGS) $(INCLUDES)
     collect.o -lc $$COLLECT_LIBS

rather than

    $(CC) -o collect $(PROFILE) $$COLLECT_OPTIONS $(CFLAGS) $(INCLUDES)
    $< -lg -lc $$COLLECT_LIBS

>From: [e-mail] (Chin Wu), for collect add to
xm-iris.h:

    #define NO_UNDERSCORES

And one question.  When "-lm" is specified on the command line, why
does g++ insert it before -lg++ rather than after?  This happens to me
with both the Sun3/OS4 and Iris versions.  I just added a "-lm" to the
LIB_SPEC.  What's the correct way to fix this?

Is there any debugger support (either dbx or gdb) in the works for
the MIPS and Iris machines?

-jim



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Date: 25 Apr 90 17:12:34 GMT
From: pacbell!osc![e-mail]  (Rich Patterson)
Organization: Object Sciences Corp., Menlo Park, CA
Subject: Re: Help -- Installing g++ 1.37 on Sun386i
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From: pacbell!osc![e-mail]  (Rich Patterson)
Organization: Object Sciences Corp., Menlo Park, CA
Subject: Re: Help -- Installing g++ 1.37 on Sun386i
References: <[e-mail]>
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Hi,`
    Here is a copy of a previous article I sent awhile ago when I installed
gcc/g++/libg++ on my 386 Unix Box.  I have Unix System V release 3.0, not
3.2.  I can't remember, which utility had different makes for 386 and 386 3.2
(it might have been gdb).  Well anyways here is a copy of those notes:

---- previous article follows ----
[My purpose for this article is that others will validate these issues also
 and the updates will be rolled into the next release]

Hi,
        Here are some installation problems that I had with g++ and libg++.
After making the following changes, I was able to  successfully install and
run g++ 1.36.4 and libg++ 1.36.3 under 386 Unix System V release 3.0.
        I was able to build all of libg++.  The only tests that I was unable to
run successfully were test0 (incremental loading) and the Fix48() portion of
tFix24 (got a floating point exception - could be a bug on my 386).  The rest
of the tests ran successfully and checktests showed only a few differences
(such as the statistics on tRandom).  Here are the things I found that
needed to be changed:

G++:
        1. When running maketests, the link for the "config"
           directory will fail.  System V will not allow you to link
           the directory.  In order to get the config directory you
           need to do a mkdir and then copy the config files from your
           gcc/config directory.

        2. malloc.c requires the definition of bcopy.
           If you end up using malloc.c that is with g++
           then you will need to define bcopy inside malloc.c.
           When malloc.c is compiled it doesn't read the config.h
           file that has all those nice definitions.

        3. insn-codes.h is needed by expr.c.  The makefile will
           stop at this point because insn-codes.h hasn't been
           created by 'gencodes' yet.  What I did was copy it
           from my gcc directory. Later it gets recreated, but
           no harm is done.  I assume if you added the dependency
           of insn-codes.h to expr.c, the header file would be created
           automatically.

        4. cplus-dem.c needed a change for the include of memory.h or
           the defines of strchr, etc.  What happened is that when built,
           the define USG is not defined in the makefile so it trys to get
           index. For System that was a problem, and ld++ dumped core
           nicely.  Make sure you define USG, or better yet, since SYSV is
           defined for g++, cplus-dem.c should be changed.

LIBG++:
        1. gnulib3.c - Make sure COFF_ENCAPSULATE is defined.  If not
           gnulib checks for i386 and defines COFF which doesn't define
           the magic __do_global_init (&__1xyzzy__).  [Yes, xyzzy is
           magic not only in adventure but in libg++ as well!]

        2. stdio.h - For System V release 3.0, _flag is a char.
           I made that change. (I didn't change the other fields from
           char to unsigned char, currently I haven't had a problem)

        3. malloc.c - Yes malloc.c seems to crop up a lot!  In this one
           fprintf is defined inside of malloc.c along with stdio.h.  I
           ended up putting #ifdefs around it.

        4. g++-include/time.h - For System V, at least the version I have
           time.h lives only in /usr/include, not in /usr/include/sys. So
           I made the following mod:

          + #ifndef     USG
            #include "//usr/include/sys/time.h"
          + #endif
            #include "//usr/include/sys/times.h"
            #include "//usr/include/time.h"

        5. math.h - For the 386, HUGE is defined at MAXFLOAT.

        6. values.h - I didn't have time to examine this file yet.

Commentary:
        One thing that is very important to do is USE THE COFF ENCAPSULATION
FEATURE!! I tried for 2 weeks, first with version 1.35.x and then another week
with version 1.36.x to do it without COFF encapsulation.  It didn't work !!!
The assembler output (even with FACIST_ASSEMBLER) was invalid for the AT&T
assembler.  Use COFF encapsulation!!  Obtain the binutils, GAS and go for it!

        If anyone has questions or comments feel free to contact me.  I'm
posting from my home machine now, so please respond to the following signature.
I hope we can continue to increase the stability and usability of the GNU
software. Thanks FSF.

Rich Patterson
rp@rpx
{pyramid,zycad}!rpx!rp


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Date: 10 May 90 06:56:33 GMT
From: [e-mail]  (Kautonen Ari)
Organization: Tampere University of Technology, Finland
Subject: Re: GCC Compilation Errors under SCO Unix
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This is how I solved that same problem:

1. ranlib - substitute 'ranlib' with 'ar -st' in Makefile.
2. cvtomf - remove the debugging flag (-g) from the Makefile.

You should also make the 'cpp' before the actual 'gcc', because it
is needed for preprosessing the files explow.c, recog.c and reload.c.
The default C-compiler runs out of macro space for those files.
There might be some other things to do, but I can't just now remember
what they were. Contact me, if there is something strange in making
the gcc, I think I can find out the answers to the questions.

Ari Kautonen  ([e-mail])
Ari Kautonen  ([e-mail])


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Date:         Mon, 04 Jun 90 21:06:05 MEZ
From: Stefan Petri <[e-mail]>
Subject:      g++ on pyramid (?)
To: [e-mail]
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Date:         Mon, 04 Jun 90 21:06:05 MEZ
From: Stefan Petri <[e-mail]>
Subject:      g++ on pyramid (?)
To: [e-mail]


Has anyone successfully built g++ on a pyramid (Targon/35) ?
I got everything to compile, and the resulting binaries seem to run fine,
but all the test - programs dumped core.
The problem seems to be in the GNU-Linker: very small gcc-compiled
programs run fine, but bigger ones don't, when linked by GNU-ld.
I also tried collect2 without success.
I guess I did not fully understand the instructions on what combination
of crt*.o vs Linker to use for what type of system. (?)

Here are some things I came across when trying to install g++1.37.
(I did it in the ucb-universe (of course :-; )
After installing gcc-1.37 I had to run fixincludes (never did it before)
because gcc -traditional didnt grok
> #ifdef __GNU__
> __inline
> #endif
in cplus-tab.c

The if-clause in Makefile for building ld++ does not work with either of
pyramid's makes - but gnu-make groks it.

Makefile: (quoted from gcc-1.37/Makefile) (for alloca.o)
+ # On a pyramid, you need to uncomment the following line:
+ CLIB = -lc /usr/.attlib/libPW.a
------------
  # HAVE_UNISTD_H = -DNO_UNISTD_H

+ # on pyramids we need -DNO_DOLLAR_IN_LABEL
+
  # CFLAGS = -g -DSOS -DESKIT -O
  #CFLAGS = -g -DGATHER_STATISTICS -O $(COFFLAGS) -B../gcc-test/
+ CFLAGS = -DGATHER_STATISTICS -O $(COFFLAGS)  -DNO_DOLLAR_IN_LABEL -B../gcc-tes
  CC = gcc
  BISON = bison

===========
cplus-lex.c:
  /* If you don't have strrchr, but instead have rindex,
     add your machine to this list, and send mail to
     [e-mail].  */
! #if defined(sequent) || defined(convex) || defined(pyr)
-----> in the ucb-Universe, this true for pyr
===========
collect2.c:
#include <stdio.h>
+
+ #ifdef pyr
+ FILE *popen();
+ #endif
-----------

  #endif
+
+ #ifdef pyr
+ /* guessed after the gcc-machine-description */
+ #define TEXT_SECTION_ASM_OP ".text"
+ #define DATA_SECTION_ASM_OP ".data"
+
+ #define ASM_GLOBALIZE_LABEL(FILE, LABEL) \
+   fprintf (FILE, ".globl _%s\n", LABEL)
+
+ #define ASM_OUTPUT_LABEL(FILE, LABEL) \
+   fprintf (FILE, "_%s:", LABEL)
+
+ #endif

  #if defined (__GNUC__) || defined (sparc)
  #define alloca __builtin_alloca
===========
ld.c:
  #define INITIALIZE_HEADER N_SET_MACHTYPE (outheader, M_386)
  #endif

+ #ifdef pyr
+ #define INITIALIZE_HEADER \
+         outheader.a_machid = PYR90X
+ #endif
+
  #ifdef is68k
  /* This enables code to take care of an ugly hack in the ISI OS.
===========
cplus-dem.c:
  /* #define nounderscore 1 /* define this is names don't start with _ */

  #include <stdio.h>
- #include <string.h>
  #include <ctype.h>

  #ifdef USG
------------

  #ifdef USG
  #include <memory.h>
+ #include <string.h>
  #else
  #define memcpy(s1, s2, n) bcopy ((s2), (s1), (n))
  #define memcmp(s1, s2, n) bcmp ((s2), (s1), (n))
+ #include <strings.h>
  #define strchr index
  #define strrchr rindex
  #endif
============
g++filt.c:
     Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.  */

  #include <stdio.h>
- #include <string.h>
  #include <ctype.h>

  char *malloc ();
----------

  #include <stdio.h>
  #include <ctype.h>
+ #ifdef USG
+ #include <string.h>           /* sun has both of these, but... */
+ #else
+ #include <strings.h>
+ #define strchr index
+ #define strrchr rindex
+ #endif

  char *malloc ();
  char *realloc ();

===================
And in the libg++ - directory:

g++-include/stdio.h:
+ #elif defined(pyr)
+ #define HAVE_SETLINEBUF
+ // in ucb-universe we have _NFILE, but no _bufendtab[] :-(
+ //#define _NFILE      62
+
------------
  /* check and possibly redefine the following */
+ #ifdef pyr
+ #define BUFSIZ  2048
+ #else
  #define BUFSIZ  1024
+ #endif
------------
g++-include/math.h:
  /* sequents don't supply these. The following should suffice */
! #if defined(sequent) || defined(DGUX) || defined(pyr)
  static inline int isnan(double x) { return x != x; }
  static inline int isinf(double x) { return x > MAXDOUBLE || x < -MAXDOUBLE; }
  #endif
------------
  #define FMAXEXP     ((1 << _FEXPLEN - 1) - 1 + _IEEE)

+ #elif defined (pyr)
+ /* from /usr/.attinclude/limits.h
+   #define MAXDOUBLE       0d7fefffffffffffff
+   #define MAXFLOAT        ((float)0d47efffffe0000000)
+   #define MINDOUBLE       0d0010000000000000
+   #define MINFLOAT        ((float)0d3810000000000000)
+ */
+ /* the same from gcc-include/float.h */
+ #define MAXDOUBLE 1.7976931348623141e+308
+ #define MINDOUBLE 2.2250738585072022e-308
+ #define MAXFLOAT  ((float)3.40282347e+38)
+ #define MINFLOAT  ((float)1.17549435e-38)
+
+ #define _IEEE           1
+ #define _DEXPLEN        11
+ #define _HIDDENBIT      1
+ #define DMINEXP (1-DMAXEXP)
+ #define FMINEXP (1-FMAXEXP)
+ #define DMAXEXP ((1 << _DEXPLEN - 1) - 1)
+ #define FMAXEXP ((1 << _FEXPLEN - 1) - 1)
+
  // #elif defined(vax)
  // use vax versions by default -- they seem to be the most conservative
=============
g++-include/fcntl.h includes ``//usr/include/fcntl.h'' that defines

struct  flock {
        short   l_type;
        short   l_whence;
        long    l_start;
        long    l_len;
        short   l_sysid;
        short   l_pid;
};

and also includes <std.h> defining
int     flock(int, int);

causing the Warning
flock' was declared `extern' and later `static'

------------
there are some warnings about enumerated value `foo' not handled in switch
in regex.cc

-----------
tests/test.hello.cc:119: `round_size' undeclared (first use this function)
tests/test.hello.cc:118: warning: unused variable `rounded_size'
A typo,I think

--
Stefan Petri, Institut fuer Betriebssysteme und Rechnerverbund,
TU Braunschweig, Germany
[e-mail] , [e-mail]


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From: alice![e-mail] (Andrew Koenig)
Newsgroups: comp.lang.c++
Subject: Re: vtbl for abstract class : WHY ?
Keywords: abstract class, vtbl
Message-Id: <[e-mail]>
Date: 30 Aug 90 12:57:55 GMT
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From: alice![e-mail] (Andrew Koenig)
Newsgroups: comp.lang.c++
Subject: Re: vtbl for abstract class : WHY ?
Keywords: abstract class, vtbl
Date: 30 Aug 90 12:57:55 GMT
References: <[e-mail]>
Organization: AT&T Bell Laboratories, Liberty Corner NJ
Lines: 51
Apparently-To: [e-mail]

In article <[e-mail]>, [e-mail] (Thomas Antalffy) writes:
> When I make a class abstract by assigning 0 to one of its virtual methods,
> my C++ compiler generates a virtual function table and puts the address of

>         char __pure_virtual_called()

> in the appropriate slot. This later creates a link error, because there is
> no default implementation of this function.

> I assume that this mechanism is there to give you the chance of putting
> error handling in __pure_virtual_called().

No, there should be a __pure_virtual_called() in the library.
It, in turn, should print an appropriate error message and abort.

It's there because by chicanery it is possible to call a pure virtual
in circumstances a compiler cannot detect.  For example:

    class A {
    public:
        A();
        virtual void f() = 0;
    };

No problem so far, right?  You can't create an A object, of course.

    void callf(A* ap)
    {
        ap->f();
    }

Still no problem.  Since you can't create an A object, ap must in
fact point to an object of a class derived from A, which in turn must
have defined an f() member.

Now look at this:

    A::A() { callf(this); }

Again there is no way for the compiler to see what's wrong.
The callf function might just plug data members of A, in
which case it would be harmless.  What it actually does, of
course, is to try to call the nonexistent f() member of the
A object!

So you see the point.  In principle you should not be allowed to
call a pure virtual but you can by trickery.  It is better to obtain
a clear diagnostic in that case than a random crash.
--
                --Andrew Koenig
                  [e-mail]